How it happens
It arrives one reasonable addition at a time.
Nobody designs a contaminated system. It accumulates. A new diagnostic proves useful, so it is wired to adjust the tier a little. A second one catches something the first missed, so it gets a modifier too. A monthly overlay seems relevant, so it is allowed to nudge the daily selection. Each addition is individually defensible and each is made by someone reasoning correctly about the metric in front of them. What none of the individual decisions considers is the composition: after enough of them, the deployed risk is a function of a dozen partially-correlated readings with no stated precedence, and the question of why the tier is what it is has no answer shorter than re-running the whole calculation. The failure is emergent, which is why it needs a name and a structural prohibition rather than case-by-case judgement.
The contaminated arrangement is genuinely circular: deployment changes the outcomes, outcomes change the metrics, and metrics change deployment again with no layer holding position. A hierarchy breaks the loop by making one input answerable to nothing downstream of it.

